8.4

Master Watchmakers

Ferdinand Berthoud worked in Paris, the largest city in Europe and the heart of the luxury industry in those days. Pocket watches with automata of all kinds were being sold there.

Thomas Earnshaw was an outstanding watchmaker from London where extremely precise pocket watches with a chronometer escapement were chiefly being made.

Abraham Louis Breguet came from Switzerland. He invented a great number of improvements and is considered to be the king of the watchmakers.

Philipp Matthäus Hahn was not a clockmaker; he was a clergyman. Besides to large astronomical clocks, he designed pocket watches having calendrical and astronomical indications.